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PostHeaderIcon Interchangeability

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I am reading Nature's Metropolis by William Cronon (Norton, 1991).  The central thesis of the book is that cities like Chicago are shaped by their outlying economies of farming, lumbering, and livestock and, in turn, the cities shape those outlying economies.  It is a symbiotic relationship in which a city is not possible without the country around it or vice versa.  But the book also brought up a related topic which intrigues me: interchangeability.  We live in a world where interchangeability is so deeply ingrained in our culture that we don't even think about it.  Need an oil change?  Any service station will have a filter that fits your engine.  Need to replace a light bulb?  Every bulb is designed to fit a standard socket.  What amazes us now are things that are not interchangeable.  These are almost by definition hand-crafted and very expensive. You might say that interchangeability dates all the way back to Johannes Gutenberg and his invention of moveable type.  Any letter could, after all, be put in any position along a line of type.  But the extension of that idea to other devices dates back more to 18th century France.  A French artillery officer with the wonderful name of Lieutenant General Jean Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval came up with the idea of standardizing all of the parts in the French Army's canon inventory.  His ideas were not fully implemented, but another Frenchman, Honore Blanc , actually began mass-producing muskets from interchangeable parts in 1790.  Thomas Jefferson met Blanc while Jefferson was the United States Ambassador to the French Court.  He communicated the idea back to the War Department because it would allow the production of a large quantity of weapons without having to have a large number of skilled gunsmiths.  America just didn't have that many skilled craftsmen to meet the demand for a large order. About this same time,...

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how do you change an oil filter in a scion?

Dec 29, 2006 by garyhorne55 | Posted in Scion

Oil filter is inverted in the scion. Do you have to empty oil from engine before removing filter? I changed oil last week, but didn't have right size filter wrench. Now I want to change the filter. Do I have to re-change the oil?

No, you don't need to change the oil, unless you drove 2000+ miles in the last week ... The oil in the oil pan will not be affected by removing the oil filter, the engine needs to be running for the oil pump to push oil to the filter. The filter in your Scion holds less than 1/4 of a quart (including the oil in the line). After replacing the filter, start it until you see oil light on dash go out (check filter for leaks), turn it off - check oil level. A good rule of thumb to remember - always better to be a little low than a little over full (the crosshatched area on the dipstick is 1 qt) 1/4 qt shy is better than 1/4 qt over... But, you will hurt nothing by changing only the filter at this time. It is, however, better, to change both at same time in future...

Savage | Jan 01, 2007

How to Change Oil in Your Car : How to Remove Car Oil Filter

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Why should I pay a lube shop to recycle my oil filter?

13.11.09

Ray: You're right, Chuck, that actually recycling old oil filters and turning them back into new oil filters would be very expensive. But the materials still get recycled.

Tom: Just like when you recycle an empty box of Cheerios, it doesn't necessarily come back as a new box of Cheerios. But the material -- the cardboard -- gets recycled and reused for something else.

Ray: Based on my most recent visit to a public restroom, I think those Cheerios boxes are coming back -- basically unaltered -- as toilet paper.

Tom: When you have hazardous waste, like oil, it has to be disposed of properly. So the owner of the garage has to pay a licensed handler to come and take it away so the handler can dump it in our water supply in the middle of the night when no one's looking.

Ray: Now, I know your next question, Chuck: "Why are they charging me separately for that -- why isn't it just part of the price of the oil change, like it used to be?"

Source: Seattle Times

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